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Too / Enough

I.Наречие  too имеет негативное  значение и показывает, что чего-то больше,чем достаточно  или  необходимо.

1.Употребляется  перед прилагательным  или  наречием. Используется  в  следующих  формулах:

(a bit/a little/ enough / much / far+)too+adjective/adverb + (for+smb/sth)+(to-infinitive)

~ too+adjective/adverb: The house  is  too  small. /  You  are  driving  too  fast. 

~ too+adjective/adverb + (for+smb/sth) The house  is too small  for us.

~ too+adjective/adverb+(for+smb/sth)+(to-inf) The house is too small for us to live.

                                                          It’s  too  early for us to  have  dinner.

2. Употребляется  со  словами   much / many  перед  соответственно 

 неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми  существительными. 

too+ much / many (+ noun)

~I  bought  too  many  eggs. There’s  too  much  salt  in  this soup

~Is  there any salt in the  soup?- There’s  too  much. I  can’t eat  it.

3.Можно  использовать  с интенсификаторами much, a  lot,  far (=very  much) 

 ~ much  too  heavy,  far  too  cold

и  a  bit, a little, rather

 ~ a  bit  too  fast / heavy   a  little  too  cold

II.Наречие enough позитивное  значение и показывает, что чего-то столько,сколько нужно или необходимо,т.е.  достаточно.

1.Употребляется  после прилагательного  или  наречия. Используется  в  следующих  формулах:

adjective/adverb+enough+(for+smb/sth)+(to-infinitive)

~We’re  not working  quickly  enough.

~The  flat  isn’t  really big  enough  for all of  us. 

~This jacket  isn’t  large  enough  for  me  to  wear.

2. Употребляется  с неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми  существительными.

~enough  (+ noun) ~We  haven’t  got  enough  eggs.

               ~ There’s  enough  salt  in  this soup.

               ~We need  some  more  eggs. We haven’t got enough.

Gerund

Questions for Discussion:

1.Can you acknowledge ever doing something stupid during your life?

2.Can you admit cheating on a test? When and where?

3.In what ways do people appreciate receiving gifts?

4.Who are some people that you avoid talking to?

5.What is something that you can’t help doing when you feel mischievous?

6.Would you consider kissing someone you met for the first time?

7.Can you deny ever stealing anything?

8.What do you enjoy doing on the weekend?

9.When do you think that you will finish studying English at this school?

10.What is something that you have given up doing in the last year?

11.What are some things that you do to get through taking an exam?

12.What do you imagine doing in the future?

13.Why is it important for you to keep on studying English?

14.What is something that you don’t mind doing for your mother and father?

15.What do you miss doing in the summer?

16.When is the last time you postponed doing something important?

17.What does your English teacher say you should practice doing?

18.What is a habit you would like to quit doing?

19.What do you recall doing as a child that you don’t do know?

20.Have you ever regretted doing something? What was it?

21.Do you resent telling someone something? What was it?

22.What is something you can’t resist doing?

23.Have you ever risked hurting yourself for the sake of having fun?

24.What would you suggest seeing or doing here in your country?

25.Have your parents ever threatened doing something to you if you didn’t do what they sad? What was it?

26.Do you understand why keeping promises is important? Why?

Complete the sentences  witn gerund ...

1.USUALLY AVOID   …..
2.WHEN I WAS A CHILD, I USED TO IMAGINE….
3.MY ENGLISH TEACHER RECOMMENDS….
4.I WOULD LIKE TO QUIT….
5.I AM CONSIDERING….
6.HONEST PEOPLE SHOULDN’T TOLERATE….
7.TO BE A GOOD FOOTBALL PLAYER, IT’S NECESSARY TO PRACTICE….
8.A TEACHER’S RESPONSIBILITY INCLUDES….
9.BECOMING A REALLY GOOD SPEAKER OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE REQUIRES….
10.I APPRECIATE GUESTS….

Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions

 

Too / Enough

I.Наречие  too имеет негативное  значение и показывает, что чего-то больше,чем достаточно  или  необходимо.

1.Употребляется  перед прилагательным  или  наречием. Используется  в  следующих  формулах:

(a bit/a little/ enough / much / far+)too+adjective/adverb + (for+smb/sth)+(to-infinitive)

~ too+adjective/adverb: The house  is  too  small. /  You  are  driving  too  fast. 

~ too+adjective/adverb + (for+smb/sth) The house  is too small  for us.

~ too+adjective/adverb+(for+smb/sth)+(to-inf) The house is too small for us to live.

                                                          It’s  too  early for us to  have  dinner.

2. Употребляется  со  словами   much / many  перед  соответственно 

 неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми  существительными. 

too+ much / many (+ noun)

~I  bought  too  many  eggs. There’s  too  much  salt  in  this soup

~Is  there any salt in the  soup?- There’s  too  much. I  can’t eat  it.

3.Можно  использовать  с интенсификаторами much, a  lot,  far (=very  much) 

 ~ much  too  heavy,  far  too  cold

и  a  bit, a little, rather

 ~ a  bit  too  fast / heavy   a  little  too  cold

II.Наречие enough позитивное  значение и показывает, что чего-то столько,сколько нужно или необходимо,т.е.  достаточно.

1.Употребляется  после прилагательного  или  наречия. Используется  в  следующих  формулах:

adjective/adverb+enough+(for+smb/sth)+(to-infinitive)

~We’re  not working  quickly  enough.

~The  flat  isn’t  really big  enough  for all of  us. 

~This jacket  isn’t  large  enough  for  me  to  wear.

2. Употребляется  с неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми  существительными.

~enough  (+ noun) ~We  haven’t  got  enough  eggs.

               ~ There’s  enough  salt  in  this soup.

               ~We need  some  more  eggs. We haven’t got enough.

Questions for Discussion:

1. When have you agreed to do something that you did not want to do?
2. Do you appear to be making progress in English this term? If so, in what ways?
3. Why would you arrange to have you friends come over for a party?
4. What are some subjects that you care not to speak about?
5. Would you consent to a search of your house if the police asked to search your house?
6. Have you decided to continue your studies at Pro Didactica after level 5?
7. Does a murderer deserve to be executed for his crime?
8. Do you desire to continue your study of English?
9. Do you ever forget to do your English homework?
10. Do merchants guarantee to give you something if you buy something in your country?
11. What do you hope to accomplish during the next year?
12. Do you know how to cook something? Explain.
13. What must a puppy learn to do before it becomes a dog?
14. Will you manage to learn the difference between gerunds and infinitives by the end of the week?
15. Have you ever meant to give a friend a present for their birthday but forgot?
16. When was the last time you offered to help an old person? How did you help this person?
17. Have ever promised to help your parents and then you didn’t?
18. What is something that you absolutely refuse to do in front of other people?
19. What do you tend to do if you are with people you do not like or do not want to get to know them? 
20. Have you ever advised a friend to do something? What was it?
21. Would you allow your teacher to correct your mistakes, even if you were talking about a serious subject?
22. Why would you authorize someone to enter your home?
23. What would cause you to leave the classroom right now?
24. Have you ever challenged somebody to contest? When and for what?
25. What might a general command his troops to do?
26. Has a commercial on television ever convinced you to buy that product?
27. What did your parents encourage you to do when you were a child?
28. Have you ever been hired to do a specific job? If so, what was it?
29. What has your English teacher instructed you to do?
30. When was the last time you were invited to a birthday party? What was it like?
31. What are you obliged to do when you come to somebody’s home for a party?
32. What is something a sergeant would order his battalion to do?
33. What is something you are not permitted to do at your parents’ house?
34. Have you ever been persuaded to do something that you really did not want to do?
35. What should you be reminded to do before you go on a trip?
36. When would a teacher ever request to see your homework?
37. What has your teacher taught you to do this semester?
38. What were you told to do as a child?
39. What is a dog trained to do a s a puppy?
40. Were you ever urged to do something in a time of crisis?
41. What is something that you were warned to do that you didn’t do? 
42. When would you ask your teacher for help?
43. Would you ask an old lady to take your seat on a bus?
44. Are you prepared to take a test on gerunds and infinitives today? Why? Why not?
45. Have you prepared your homework today?
46. When would you beg God for mercy?
47. In what situations would you beg to differ with your teacher?
48. How do you expect to be treated in a professional situation?
49. When do you expect your teacher to tell you have done a good job?
50. What is something that you need to do today?
51. When do you need your parents to help you?
52. Are you prepared to continue your studies in level 6?
53. Has your teacher prepared you to study in level 6?
54. What is something that you have always wanted to do but haven’t done yet?
55. What is something that your parents want you to do in the future?
56. What is something that you would like to do for someone you really like?
57. What would your teacher like you to do this week?
58. Can you affordto go on a vacation right now?
59. Can you afford going on vacation today with your teacher?
60. Would you choose to go to the United States if you had the chance?
61. Why would you choose going to Tiraspol over Bender?
62. When have you failed to keep a promise that you made?
63. Why would someone fail passing on to level 6?
64. Have you ever failed to pass an exam that you thought you should have passed?
65. What do you hate doing on the weekend?
66. What would you hate to do to a friend that needed your help?
67. What is something that you would hesitate discussing with you parents?
68. What is a subject that you would hesitate to bring up in class?
69. What do you intend to do when spring comes?
70. Do you intend doing anything special this weekend?
71. What do you like to do when you have free time?
72. What activities do you like doing in class?
73. Did you neglect to do anything this past weekend?
74. What is something you have neglected doing recently?
75. Do you plan to do anything special for the new millenium?
76. Do you prefer going to the cinema or going to the theater?
77. Do you prefer to eat out or eat in? Why?
78. When you were a child did you pretend being something?
79. Do you ever pretend to be someone you really are not?
80. When you were a child did you pretend being somebody you were not?
81. What is something that you always remember to do when you leave your house in the morning?
82. When will this class start to study modals?
83. Why is it important to start studying a foreign language as a child?
84. What is something that you can’t stand other people doing in front of you?
85. Can you stand to speak English for two hours?
86. Have you ever tried to stand on your head?
87. Have you ever tried standing on your head?

 

 

Complex Object

The Infinitive as parenthesis

Means of Transport