1. When you use an adjective after a link verb, you can often use the adjective on its own or followed by a prepositional phrase.
2. Some adjectives cannot be used alone after a link verb, if they are followed by a prepositional phrase, they must have a particular preposition:
aware of, accustomed to, fond of, unaware of, unaccustomed to, used to, different from/to, sorry about/for.
3. Some adjectives can be used alone or followed by a particular preposition:
a. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the cause of a feeling:
afraid, ashamed, convinced, critical, envious, frightened, jealous, proud, scared, suspicious, terrified, tired.
b. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the person who has a quality:
brave, careless, clever, generous, good, intelligent, kind, nice, polite, sensible, silly, stupid, thoughtful, unkind, unreasonable, wrong.
c. Used alone or with ‘to’, usually referring to:
similarity: close, equal, identical, related, similar;
marriage: married, engaged;
loyalty: dedicated, devoted, loyal, and their opposites;
rank: junior, senior.
d. Used alone or followed by ‘with’ to specify the cause of a feeling:
bored, content, displeased, dissatisfied, impatient, impressed, pleased, satisfied.
e. Used alone or with ‘at’, usually referring to:
strong reaction: amazed, astonished, shocked, surprised;
ability: bad, excellent, good, hopeless, useless.
f. Used alone or with ‘for’ to specify the person or the thing that quality relates to:
common, difficult, easy, essential, important, necessary, possible, unnecessary, unusual, usual.
4. Some adjectives can be used alone or with different prepositions.
a. Used alone or with an impersonal subject and ‘of’ and the subject of the action, or with a personal subject and ‘to’ and the object of the action:
cruel, friendly, generous, good, kind, mean, nasty, nice, polite, rude, unfriendly, unkind.
b. Used alone, with ‘about’ to specify a thing or ‘with’ to specify a person:
angry, annoyed, delighted, disappointed, fed up, furious, happy, upset.
EXERCISES:
Put in the correct prepositions: of, to, with, at, about, for, from.
1. He was afraid _____ his enemies.
2. I’ve always been terribly fond _____ you.
3. He is unaccustomed _____ the heat.
4. They may feel jealous _____ your success.
5. I was terrified _____ her.
6. That was clever _____ you.
7. I turned the job down, which was stupid ________ me.
8. My problems are very similar _____ yours.
9. He was dedicated _____ his job.
10. I could never be bored _____ football.
11. He was very pleased _____ her.
12. He was shocked _____ the hatred they had shown.
13. She had always been bad _____ languages.
14. It’s difficult _____ young people to be on their own.
15. It was unusual _____ them to go away at the weekend.
16. It was rude _____ him to leave so suddenly.
17. She was rude _____ him for no reason.
18. She was still angry _____ the results.
19. They’re getting pretty fed up _____ him.
20. If you continue to support someone who is in trouble you are loyal _____ them.
21. If two things are almost the same, one is similar _____ the other.
22. Someone who is a fine athlete is good _____ games.
23. I was proud _____ my brother.
24. I’m very much surprised _____ you. I can’t understand the way you behave.
25. Life is very different _____ what it used to be.
26. Who is responsible _____ this mess?
27. I’m delighted _______ the result. It’s exactly what I wanted.
28. In the army, a sergeant is senior _____ a corporal.
29. If two things are exactly the same one is identical _____ the other.
30. If something makes you very unhappy, you are very upset _____ it.
31. If someone makes you very angry, you are furious _____ him.
32. If you feel that you do not trust someone, you are suspicious _____ him.
33. If you treat someone very well, you are being kind _____ him.
34. If you have agreed to marry someone, you are engaged _____ him.
35. Everyone was very critical _________ the way he behaved.
36. We were very happy _____ the way they treated us.
37. I was very displeased _____ the way they looked.
38. I feel sorry _____ Nick. He has a lot of problems.
39. I’m sorry _____ the noise last night. We were having a party.
40. That was not very polite _____ you.
41. Why are you always so rude _____ your parents?
42. Were you disappointed _____ your exam results?
2. Some adjectives cannot be used alone after a link verb, if they are followed by a prepositional phrase, they must have a particular preposition:
aware of, accustomed to, fond of, unaware of, unaccustomed to, used to, different from/to, sorry about/for.
3. Some adjectives can be used alone or followed by a particular preposition:
a. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the cause of a feeling:
afraid, ashamed, convinced, critical, envious, frightened, jealous, proud, scared, suspicious, terrified, tired.
b. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the person who has a quality:
brave, careless, clever, generous, good, intelligent, kind, nice, polite, sensible, silly, stupid, thoughtful, unkind, unreasonable, wrong.
c. Used alone or with ‘to’, usually referring to:
similarity: close, equal, identical, related, similar;
marriage: married, engaged;
loyalty: dedicated, devoted, loyal, and their opposites;
rank: junior, senior.
d. Used alone or followed by ‘with’ to specify the cause of a feeling:
bored, content, displeased, dissatisfied, impatient, impressed, pleased, satisfied.
e. Used alone or with ‘at’, usually referring to:
strong reaction: amazed, astonished, shocked, surprised;
ability: bad, excellent, good, hopeless, useless.
f. Used alone or with ‘for’ to specify the person or the thing that quality relates to:
common, difficult, easy, essential, important, necessary, possible, unnecessary, unusual, usual.
4. Some adjectives can be used alone or with different prepositions.
a. Used alone or with an impersonal subject and ‘of’ and the subject of the action, or with a personal subject and ‘to’ and the object of the action:
cruel, friendly, generous, good, kind, mean, nasty, nice, polite, rude, unfriendly, unkind.
b. Used alone, with ‘about’ to specify a thing or ‘with’ to specify a person:
angry, annoyed, delighted, disappointed, fed up, furious, happy, upset.
EXERCISES:
Put in the correct prepositions: of, to, with, at, about, for, from.
1. He was afraid _____ his enemies.
2. I’ve always been terribly fond _____ you.
3. He is unaccustomed _____ the heat.
4. They may feel jealous _____ your success.
5. I was terrified _____ her.
6. That was clever _____ you.
7. I turned the job down, which was stupid ________ me.
8. My problems are very similar _____ yours.
9. He was dedicated _____ his job.
10. I could never be bored _____ football.
11. He was very pleased _____ her.
12. He was shocked _____ the hatred they had shown.
13. She had always been bad _____ languages.
14. It’s difficult _____ young people to be on their own.
15. It was unusual _____ them to go away at the weekend.
16. It was rude _____ him to leave so suddenly.
17. She was rude _____ him for no reason.
18. She was still angry _____ the results.
19. They’re getting pretty fed up _____ him.
20. If you continue to support someone who is in trouble you are loyal _____ them.
21. If two things are almost the same, one is similar _____ the other.
22. Someone who is a fine athlete is good _____ games.
23. I was proud _____ my brother.
24. I’m very much surprised _____ you. I can’t understand the way you behave.
25. Life is very different _____ what it used to be.
26. Who is responsible _____ this mess?
27. I’m delighted _______ the result. It’s exactly what I wanted.
28. In the army, a sergeant is senior _____ a corporal.
29. If two things are exactly the same one is identical _____ the other.
30. If something makes you very unhappy, you are very upset _____ it.
31. If someone makes you very angry, you are furious _____ him.
32. If you feel that you do not trust someone, you are suspicious _____ him.
33. If you treat someone very well, you are being kind _____ him.
34. If you have agreed to marry someone, you are engaged _____ him.
35. Everyone was very critical _________ the way he behaved.
36. We were very happy _____ the way they treated us.
37. I was very displeased _____ the way they looked.
38. I feel sorry _____ Nick. He has a lot of problems.
39. I’m sorry _____ the noise last night. We were having a party.
40. That was not very polite _____ you.
41. Why are you always so rude _____ your parents?
42. Were you disappointed _____ your exam results?
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